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doubt[] n. [C,U]怀疑，疑惑：There is no doubt that he will win. 毫无疑问，他会赢。v.怀疑，疑惑：I doubt whether [if] it’s true. 我怀疑此事是否真实。/ I don’t doubt that you are honest. 我不怀疑你是诚实的。

【说明】若为肯定式，后接whether或if引导的从句；若为否定式，后接that引导的从句。有时肯定式也用that引导宾语从句，此时that则含有类似whether或if的意思：I doubt that [=if / whether] he’s coming. 我怀疑他是否会来。

down[] prep. 1. (表动态)往…的下方，沿着…往下(往远处)：He fell down the stairs. 他从楼梯上摔下来。2. (表静态)在…下面，在…的下方：The bathroom is down those stairs. 浴室在那楼梯下面。adv. 1.向下：The sun went down. 太阳落了。2.抑制，减缓：The wind died down. 风势渐渐弱了。/ His passion has gone down. 他的情绪平静了下来。

download[] n. & v. (计算机用语)下载

downstairs[] adv.在(到)楼下：go downstairs 下楼 / Is anyone downstairs yet? 有人在楼下吗？/ They’re waiting for us downstairs. 他们在楼下等我们。adj.楼下的：The downstairs rooms are already full of people. 楼下的房间已住满了人。

【说明】用作形容词时只用于名词前作定语，用作副词时可用于名词后作定语：the downstairs rooms=the rooms downstairs 楼下的房间

downtown[] adj. 城市的商业区的，中心区的，闹市区的：a downtown street 一条城市商业区的街道 / He lives in downtown New York. 他住在纽约闹市区。adv.住(在)城市的商业区(或中心区、闹市区)：Let’s go downtown. 我们去市商业区吧。n.城市的商业区，中心区

downward[] adj.向下的：He is on the downward path. 他正在走下坡路。adv. (=downwards)向下：He looked downwards. 他向下看。/ She was lying face downward on the grass. 她脸向下趴在草地上。

dozen[] n. 1.[C]12个，一打：He bought a dozen red roses. 他买一打红玫瑰 / These eggs are 60 cents a half dozen. 这些鸡蛋半打60分。2.(用复数)许多，几十：I’ve been there dozens of times. 我去过那里几十次。

【说明】1.与具体数字连用时，复数不加词尾-s，后接名词时通常也不用介词of(除非其后的名词带有限定词)：three dozen eggs 三打鸡蛋 / three dozen of these eggs 三打这种鸡蛋 2.与 a few, several, many等数目不很具体的词连用时，其复数带不带复数词尾-s均可，但是注意：若不带复数词-s，其后的介词of可以省略；若带复数词尾-s，则其后介词of不宜省略：several dozen (of) pencils= several dozens of pencils 几打铅笔

draft[] n. 1.[C]草稿，初稿，底稿：the first draft of a speech 演讲的初稿2.[U]汇票，支票：a bank draft 银行汇票 vt.起草：Can you draft out a plan for us? 你能替我们起草一个计划吗? 

drag[] v. 拖，拽：He couldn’t lift the sack, so he dragged it out of the of the shop. 他提不动那个袋子，只好把它拖出商店。

draw[](drew, drawn) v. 1.绘画，绘制：He drew a straight line. 他画了一条直线。2.取，拉，拖：He drew a knife from his pocket. 他从口袋里掏出一把小刀。

drawback[] n. [C]缺点，毛病：His lack of experience is a major drawback. 他经验不够，这是主要缺点。/ Everything has its drawback. 凡事皆有不足之处。

drawer[] n.[C]抽屉：Shut a drawer. 关上抽屉。

drawing[] n. 1.[C]图画，素描(画)：She had done a drawing of her mother. 她给他母亲画了像。2.[U]绘画，制图：Drawing is my favorite lesson. 画图画是我最喜欢的课程。

dream[](dreamt, dreamt or dreamed, dreamed) v. 1.做梦，梦见：Do you dream at night? 你晚上做梦吗？/ Last night I dreamed you. 我昨晚梦见你。2.梦想，向往：I never dream that such a thing could happen! 我从没想到会出这种事。/ She dreams of becoming a famous actress. 她梦想成为名演员。n.1.[C]梦：She had a bad dream. 她做了一个噩梦。2. [C]梦想，空想：He has dreams of being a hero. 他抱着做英雄的梦想。

【说明】表示梦想做某事，其后不能接不定式，而接of doing sth：A great many young people dream of going abroad. 许多年轻人梦想出国。注意此用法的否定式：Little did I dream of succeeding so well. 我做梦也没想到会这样成功。

dress[] n. 1.[C]女服，连衣裙：She makes all her own dresses. 她的连衣裙都是自己做的。2.[U](统指)服装，礼服：He doesn’t care much about dress. 他不太注意衣着。v.给…穿衣，穿衣：Are you dressed yet? 你穿好衣了吗? 

drier[] n. [C]烘干机，吹风机(=dryer)

drill[] n. 1.[C]钻头：a road drill 路钻 2.[C,U](反复的)训练，演习：a fire drill 消防训练(演习) / a drill in spelling 拼写练习 v. 1.钻(孔)，在…上钻孔：The thief drilled a hole in the iron box. 这个小偷在铁箱子上钻了一个孔。2.(反复)训练：Let’s drill them in English pronunciation. 我们来教他们练习英语发音吧。

drink[] (drank, drunk) v.1.喝，饮：What do you want to drink? 您要喝什么？2.喝酒：He never drinks. 他从不喝酒。n. 1.[U,C]饮料，酒：food and drink 饮食 2.[U]酒：He is too fond of drink. 他太喜欢喝酒。

drive[](drove, driven ) v. 1.驾驶，开(车)：Can you drive me to the town? 你能开车送我进城吗? / I never learned to drive a car. 我从没学过开车。2.驱赶，迫使：He drove off [away] the dog. 他把狗赶走了。

driver[] n. [C]司机：driver’s license =driving-licence 驾驶执照 / a learner driver 实习司机 

drop[] n. [C]滴，一滴：He emptied the glass to the last drop. 他干了一杯，一滴不留。v. 1.丢下，掉下，落下：I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。2.滴下，掉下，落下：The glass dropped from her hands. 玻璃杯从她手中掉下来。3.投递，放弃：Please drop me a line. 请寄封便信给我。4.变低，变少：Prices dropped in the first half of the year. 上半年物价下降了。■drop in 探望，串门：Drop in to see me the next time you are in London. 你下次来伦敦顺便到我这来坐坐。

【辨析】drop 与fall：1.表示从高处往下掉或降，两者有时可互换: The temperature has dropped [fallen]. 气温降低了。2. fall 表示“落下”，多指无意识的行为，有自然坠落之意，且通常是不及物动词；drop 既可指无意的行为，即表示“落下”(不及物)，也可指有意的行为，即表示“投下”(及物)，如下例就不宜用fall：He dropped the letter into the mail-box. 他把信投入信箱。

drown[] v. 溺死，淹没：It’s possible to drown in three feet of water. 三英尺水就可以淹死人。/ Cheers drowned his voice. 欢呼声淹没了他的声音。

drug [] n. [C,U]药，药物；毒品：a pain-killing drug 止痛药 / She takes drugs. 她吸毒。

drum[] n. [C]鼓，鼓声：He plays the drum in a band. 他在乐队中打鼓。/ He gave three taps on the drum. 他击鼓3下。

drunk[] adj.醉的：If you drink too much of that wine, you will get drunk. 那种酒喝多了你会醉的。

dry[] v.擦干，弄干，变干：Dry your hands. 把你的手擦干。adj. 1.干的，干燥的：Don’t use this door until the paint is dry. 油漆未干，别走这个门。2.干涸的：The river has gone dry. 河干了。

dryer[] n. [C]干燥机，吹风机

duck[] n. 1.[C]鸭子：a wild duck 野鸭 2.[U]鸭肉：Shall we have chicken or duck for dinner? 正餐我们吃鸡还是吃鸭?

duckling[] n. [C]小鸭子：an ugly duckling 丑小鸭

due[] adj. 1.到期的，应付(给)的，到期应付的：The bill is due. 这张票据已到期。/ My salary is due tomorrow. 我明天领薪。2.预定的，约定的：When are you due to go home? 你准备什么时候回家? 3.适当的，合适的，应得的：He has his due reward. 他得到了应得的报酬。■due to由于，应给与，应属于：He arrived late due to the storm. 由于暴风雨他迟到了。/ Our grateful thanks are dueto you. 我们衷心感谢你。

dull [] adj.1.阴暗的：It’s a dull day; it’ll probably rain. 天气阴沉，很可能要下雨。2.单调无味：The play we saw last night was very dull. 我们昨晚看的那出戏很乏味。

dumpling[] n. [C]饺子，汤圆：dumpling with meat and vegetable 菜肉馅饺子

during[] prep.在…期间，在…时候：The sun gives us light during the day. 太阳在白天给我们光明。/ He fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上课时睡着了。

【说明】是介词不是连词，所以不用于引导句子，如不能说During he was in Shanghai, he went swimming every day，可把其中的during改为while或改为During his stay in Shanghai, he went swimming every day。

dusk[] n. [U]黄昏：The street lights go on at dusk. 黄昏时分街灯就亮了。/ The park is close to the public at dusk. 公园每天黄昏时刻停止开放。

dust[] n. [U]灰尘，尘土：He became ill after breathing coal dust for many years. 他因多年吸入煤灰而生病了。

dustbin [] n. [C]垃圾箱

dusty[] adj.尘土般的，尘土多的：The furniture was very dusty. 家具上的灰尘很多。

duty[] n. 1.[U,C]责任，义务：the rights and duties of citizens 公民的权利和义务 2.[C]职责，工作：It’s my duty to help you. 帮你忙，是我份内该做的事。■on (off) duty 上(下)班，当(不当)班：The policeman is on (off) duty now. 这个警察现在值班(下班了)。

DVD[]数码影碟(digital versatile disk)

dynamic[] adj.1.精力旺盛的：a dynamic person 一个生气勃勃的人 2.动态的，动力的：a dynamic population 动态人口